Introduced more than thirty years ago, underground or "invisible'' fences offer pet owners an alternative to physical fences, which are often more expensive and more complicated to construct. Pricing for traditional fences (wood, aluminum, or vinyl) can easily run into the thousands, whereas underground fences are generally well under $500.

Using electronic or wireless transmission, invisible fences are designed to keep your dog safely out of the street and out of your neighbor's driveway and/or yard (and free to roam within yours). New technology boasts lighter weight collars (with rechargeable batteries), as well as extra lightning protection.

Over time, underground fences have also gained popularity because they are more acceptable in many newer developments, particularly condominium associations, where over-ground fences are sometimes banned altogether.

The basics

Underground fences operate through the workings of three main components, including a transmitter, underground wires, and a dog collar. A radio transmission is connected to your dog's collar, without which the system is rendered entirely ineffective. You set up the boundaries of the "fence'' with an underground wiring system (make sure your system comes with detailed instructions; many companies will assist you in setting up your fence). The radio signal goes off when your dog wanders toward the edge of pre-set boundaries. If the signal is ignored by your dog, it activates a battery in your dog's collar, which gives off a shock to the dog's neck.

The other side of the fence

Despite the impressive technology and saved costs, some argue that invisible fences might not be so good for dogs.

In fact, Grisha Stewart, of Ahimsa Dog Training in Seattle, argues that underground fences actually increase dog phobias (formed when a dog identifies the shock with the child walking by on the street, etc.) and intensify aggressive behavior in some dogs.

Most underground fence companies stress that the shock of an underground fence is mild, solely correctional (rather than punitive) and harmless. Stewart disagrees.

"I think that underground fences should rarely be used, if ever,'' she said. "The only humane purpose I see for them is to strengthen an existing physical barrier. Anyone who tells you that they can keep a dog safely contained with a tiny shock is kidding themselves. I think companies that sell these 'invisible' fences off the shelf without professional guidance are doing the dog world a huge disservice.''

Pet Safe Invisible Fence advertises that "the mild 'correction' pulses delivered when a pet approaches the boundary are designed to get your pet's attention, but not punish him. This method has been proven safe and will not harm your pet.''

Stewart points out that physical fences are not only the healthier choice for pets, but they are also far more dependable. "Fences are pricey, no doubt. But they are more reliable, with no risks to the dog.''

When planning your "pet containment system,'' you'll need to think about your pet's temperament and all of your options. It will be important to troubleshoot and stay attentive to and consistent with your dog's training -- the best way to ensure your own (and your neighbor's) peace of mind, as well as your dog's health and well-being.

Reveiwed by Amy I. Attas, V.M.D.

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